Hinduism is an Indian faith and dharma, or a lifestyle,[note 1] extensively practised in South Asia. Hinduism has been referred to as the oldest faith on the earth,[note 2] and a few practitioners and students seek advice from it as Sanātana Dharma, “the everlasting custom”, or the “everlasting manner”, past human historical past.[4][5] Students regard Hinduism as a fusion[note 3] or synthesis[6][note 4] of varied Indian cultures and traditions,[7][note 5] with numerous roots[8][note 6] and no founder.[9] This “Hindu synthesis” began to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE,[10] following the Vedic interval (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).[10][11]
Though Hinduism accommodates a broad vary of philosophies, it’s linked by shared ideas, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual assets, and pilgrimage to sacred websites. Hindu texts are labeled into Śruti (“heard”) and Smṛti (“remembered”). These texts talk about theology, philosophy, mythology, Vedic yajna, Yoga, agamic rituals, and temple constructing, amongst different matters.[12] Main scriptures embrace the Vedas and Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Agamas.[13][14] Sources of authority and everlasting truths in its texts play an essential function, however there may be additionally a powerful Hindu custom of questioning authority with a view to deepen the understanding of those truths and to additional develop the custom.[15]
Outstanding themes in Hindu beliefs embrace the 4 Puruṣārthas, the correct targets or goals of human life, particularly Dharma (ethics/duties), Artha (prosperity/work), Kama (needs/passions) and Moksha (liberation/freedom/salvation);[16][17] karma (motion, intent and penalties), Saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), and the assorted Yogas (paths or practices to realize moksha).[14][18] Hindu practices embrace rituals similar to puja (worship) and recitations, meditation, family-oriented rites of passage, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages. Some Hindus go away their social world and materials possessions, then have interaction in lifelong Sannyasa (monastic practices) to realize Moksha.[19] Hinduism prescribes the everlasting duties, similar to honesty, refraining from injuring residing beings (ahimsa), endurance, forbearance, self-restraint, and compassion, amongst others.[web 1][20] The 4 largest denominations of Hinduism are the Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism and Smartism.
Hinduism is the world’s third largest faith; its followers, generally known as Hindus, quantity about 1.15 billion, or 15–16% of the worldwide inhabitants.[internet Hindus type nearly all of the inhabitants in India, Nepl and Mauritius. Vital Hindu communities are additionally discovered within the Caribbean, Africa, North America, and different international locations.
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