Jainism – https://youtu.be/MwI0Nu51W84?record=PLxJNbXGrHdcU7JE3YXkjXpgWrLdlqb2fc
Buddhism – https://youtu.be/FA43TY347nc?record=PLxJNbXGrHdcU7JE3YXkjXpgWrLdlqb2fc
Introduction to 6 faculties of indian philosophy upsc
Indian Philosophy (or, in Sankrit, Darshanas), refers to any of a number of traditions of philosophical thought that originated within the Indian subcontinent. It’s thought-about by Indian thinkers to be a sensible self-discipline, and its objective ought to at all times be to enhance human life.
Orthodox (Hindu) Colleges
The principle Hindu orthodox (astika) faculties of Indian philosophy are these codified in the course of the medieval interval of Brahmanic-Sanskritic scholasticism, they usually take the traditional Vedas (the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism) as their supply and scriptural authority
Samkhya:
Sāmkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two realities, puruṣa (consciousness) and prakṛti (matter). Jiva (a residing being) is that state by which puruṣa is bonded to prakṛti in some type.
This fusion, state the Samkhya students, led to the emergence of buddhi (“mind”) and ahaṅkāra (ego consciousness).
The universe is described by this faculty as one created by purusa-prakṛti entities infused with varied permutations and combos of variously enumerated components, senses, emotions, exercise and thoughts.
The top of this imbalance, bondage known as liberation, or kaivalya, by the Samkhya faculty.
Yoga:
The Yoga Sutras have been compiled previous to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali who synthesized and arranged data about yoga from older traditions.
The Yoga faculty, accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, however is extra theistic, with the addition of a divine entity to Samkhya’s twenty-five components of actuality.
Nyaya:
The Nyaya faculty is predicated on the Nyaya Sutras, written by Aksapada Gautama within the 2nd Century B.C.
Its methodology is predicated on a system of logic that has subsequently been adopted by nearly all of the Indian faculties, in a lot the identical approach as Aristotelian logic has influenced Western philosophy.
Nyaya developed a number of standards by which the data thus obtained was to be thought-about legitimate or invalid (equal in some methods to Western analytic philosophy).
Vaisheshika:
The Vaisheshika faculty was based by Kanada within the sixth Century B.C., and it’s atomist and pluralist in nature.
The idea of the college’s philosophy is that each one objects within the bodily universe are reducible to a finite variety of atoms, and Brahman is thought to be the elemental pressure that causes consciousness in these atoms.
Purva Mimamsa:
The principle goal of the Purva Mimamsa faculty is to interpret and set up the authority of the Vedas.
It requires unquestionable religion within the Vedas and the common efficiency of the Vedic fire-sacrifices to maintain all of the exercise of the universe.
Vedanta:
The Vedanta, or Uttara Mimamsa, faculty concentrates on the philosophical teachings of the Upanishads, slightly than the Brahmanas (directions for ritual and sacrifice).
Because of the slightly cryptic and poetic nature of the Vedanta sutras, the college separated into six sub-schools, every deciphering the texts in its personal approach and producing its personal sequence of sub-commentaries:
Advaita (the best-known, which holds that the soul and Brahman are one and the identical), Visishtadvaita (which teaches that the Supreme Being has a particular type, title – Vishnu – and attributes),
Dvaita (which espouses a perception in three separate realities: Vishnu, and everlasting soul and matter),
Dvaitadvaita (which holds that Brahman exists independently, whereas soul and matter are dependent),
Shuddhadvaita (which believes that Krishna is absolutely the type of Brahman) and
Acintya Bheda Abheda (which mixes monism and dualism by stating that the soul is each distinct and non-distinct from Krishna, or God).
Heterodox (Non-Hindu) Colleges
The principle heterodox (nastika) faculties, which don’t settle for the authority of the Vedas, embody:
Carvaka:
Often known as Lokayata, Carvaka is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic faculty of thought. Its founder was Carvaka, creator of the Barhaspatya Sutras within the closing centuries B.C., though the unique texts have been misplaced and our understanding of them is predicated largely on criticism of the concepts by different faculties
Buddhist philosophy:
Buddhism is a non-theistic system of beliefs based mostly on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince later often called the Buddha, within the fifth Century B.C. The query of God is essentially irrelevant in Buddhism, and it’s primarily based on the rejection of sure orthodox Hindu philosophical ideas (althought it does share some philosophical views with Hinduism, corresponding to perception in karma).
Jain philosophy:
The central tenets of Jain philosophy have been established by Mahavira within the sixth Century B.C., though Jainism as a faith is way older. A fundamental precept is anekantavada, the concept that actuality is perceived in another way from completely different factors of view, and that no single standpoint is totally true.
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